Creative Commons Essay -- Music Musical File Sharing Essays

Creative Commons Creative Commons encourages artists to share and distribute their work for free. And that could be the key to a new multibillion-dollar industry.People can astray redistribute other people works, as long as they provide the credit to the authors create new works based on an existing ones, provided they suffer those derivations back to the public on the same terms.This paper analyzes the conflicts between the need of technology for creativity and innovation versus the legal aspect of copyright.An alternative emerging approaching for licensing music, software, research paper and many other resources on the internet, creative common sharing copyright, is introduced.The paper does non analyze if creative commons is ethical or not the answer will be yes under all ethical approaches. An ethical analysis on intellectual property, using multiple approaches, is instead presented. applied science and Legal TrendRestriction imposed by intellectual property law, f or someone like Laurence Lessig, chairman is a professor of law at Stanford and present of the Schools Center for Internet and Society, have run out of control. The restriction impose by the market and by the state are affecting and threatening internet. Changes in the copyright and patent laws and the regulation of broadcast seem to protect the interest of few against new way of doing things. Law and technology are constantly change magnitude control on the uses of creative works at a level never seen in history before. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) does not permit, under the law, the usage of copyrighted material for fair use.Bill Gates recently stated that If people had understood how patents would be granted when... ...andy Starr, The Creative Commons, February 2004, http//www.spiked-online.com/Articles/0000000CA401.htm4. Joe Kaplinsky, Who owns ideas?, Frebruary 2002, http//www.spiked-online.com/articles/00000002D42C.htm5. blond Starr, Copycat copyright, March 2003, http//www.spiked-online.com/articles/00000006DCC2.htm6.Chris Evans, Tightening the net, June 2002, http//www.spiked-online.com/articles/00000006D929.htm7.Dwight Duego, The boundary of Intellectual Property, January 2004, http//www.adtmag.com/article.asp?id=87788. Mark Alfino, Intellectual Property and Copyright Ethics, Business and Professional Ethics Journal, Vol.10 No.85, http//guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/alfino/dossier/Papers/COPYRIGH.htm useable Links 1. www.creativecommons.org2. http//www.lessig.org3. http//cyberlaw.stanford.edu/4. http//cyber.law.harvard.edu/home/

My Grandparent’s House Essays -- Personal Narrative

My Grandparents House It was another summertime at my grandparents house that I woke up to one sunny Saturday morning. The olfactory property of eggs, bacon, and tortillas was a greeting to the home-cooked breakfast I could sense as I lie in the bedroom still lightly dreaming. I could key my grandpa in the distance, chopping wood for the stove my grandma was cooking with. Very old fashioned my grandparents were, convincing me to become more independent, I always enjoyed their company. It was a summer where I would be taught the value of wisdom and of the people I love. Though the past summer at my grandparents place was pretty much the same, I didnt understand the words and talks my grandparents would have with me. At such a young age I wasnt able to account for everything they had verbalize or appreciate what they had to say, but this particular summer was different. My cousins were almost the same age I was and had only live half a mile ext ernal from my grandparents. As I quickly did my chores, I could see three of my cousins walking down an old dirt road form their house. When they reached the porch I was just about finished packing my water bottle along with my peanut butter and jelly sandwich. I opened the door finding my cousins outside replying Hey Kev How are you? As we started our walk towards the creek behind my grandparents house, I looked back and saw my grandmother frowning, knowing that we were going to use the rest of the day to our own content. go full of excitement, one of my cousins yelled last one to the creek is a rotten egg as everyone dashed towards the wash. As midsummer approached, our rendezvous at the creek became an even more popular event for more of relatives to join in on. At certain times, there were as many as 15 of us down at the creek laughing, running around, and splashing each other with the cold refreshing water containing a sweet scent from the secure by willows. I still remember my grandmas dogs barking and running after the little kids. I could feel the squishy sand between my toes and hear the trickling of the water brushing against the grass. We followed the creek and it led through a small pond where we swam in. We were having so much fun that we didnt see that it was getting of late as the sun sat gleaming, sinking beneath the horizon, giving one last wave bef... ... the time spent with people you love and those who love you because breeding isnt very long for anyone to not regret spending time with your loved ones. Heres one of my favorite songs by the Smashing Pumpkins rotten applesdirty your acquaint with longing and grace, God-givensuffer her amount of money, and love her when your love goes unrequitedWhere the cool winds blow, I must surely goFor my love calls me lo, drag her from the depths of my soulWhen will I see he r again?The other side of friendsThe darkened clouds of deathThe empty-breathed desireDirty your face with longing and grace, God-givenSuffer her heart, and love her when your love goes unrequited ready in my speechAnd ruthless in my teachSo vacant in my breach,I drive the dirt of her gardenSorrowShell never get word againNo other lovers to bendJust rotten apples to eatSlathered yellow distant scornDirty your face with longing and grace, God-givenSuffer her heart and love her when your love goes unrequitedLife just fades awayPurity just begsDust to dust were wired into Sadness

Biography of Pope John Paul the Second Essay -- Popes Religion Religio

Biography of pontiff John Paul the Second The most recognised valet de chambre in the world, His Holiness pope John Paul II was born in Wadowice, Poland on the 18th May, 1920. When he was born he was given the discover Karol Jozef Wojtyla, Karol after his render and Jozef after the father of Jesus Christ. He was referred to affectionately as Lolek.By the age of 21 the Pope had experienced great breathing out with the deaths of all the immediate members of his family.His mother died when he was only 8 twelvemonths old, his elder brother, a doctor, when he was 12 and his father when he was just 21. His father had dreamed of seeing his son enter the priesthood, but unfortunately he did not live to see him become a priest. As a schoolboy the Pope was an excellent student and an enthusiastic athlete he skied, hiked, kayaked and swam.The Popes family were strict Catholics, but he had Christian friends and Jewish friends in a date when legion(predicate) behaved in a racist mann er towards Jewish people.After graduating from high school the Pope attended the university in Krakow. While at university analyze Literature and Philosophy, he also joined a area company. In 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The Nazis closed libraries, and universities including the one where the Pope studied. They shot people for going to the theatre and even for speaking the Polish language. They even shot priests who opposed them. The Pope also saw his Jewish friends and neighbours being herded into the ghetto. During this time the Pope worked in a quarry and a chemical factory while he studied Theology in secret. Any day I could have been picked up on the street, at the factory or at the stone quarry and sent to a concentration camp. Sometimes I asked myself So many people at my age were losing their lives, why not me?.When the Seminary in Krakow re-opened after the war the Pope continued his studies and he was ordained on the 1st November, 1946. Learning was important to th e Pope and over the next few years he obtained a number of degrees.As a young priest in Poland the Pope defied the Communist authorities. privately he advised and encouraged political activists. He developed a Catholic newspaper that conveyed views that opposed those of the communist government. He founded secret clubs for Catholic intellectuals and ran an thermionic vacuum tube seminary for future priests from ne... ...cognised their importance to the Holy Catholic Church by instituting World Youth day. The first gathering was in 1984 when he invited the youth to gather in Rome for a special celebration - an international jubilee of youth. The following year he invited the youth to come again to celebrate the United Nations International year of Youth. He was so overwhelmed by the numbers that came that he decided to make it a regular celebration. World Youth Day is held every two years. This year the celebration is being held in Cologne, Germany.The Pope had a large capacity t o forgive. In 1981 he was shot in an assassination attempt. The Pope visited his would-be assassin in gaol offering him his forgiveness.Throughout his 26 papacy he worked tirelessly for mankind to bring peace and justice to the world. He reminded us of the prize of individuals in the modern world.In recent years we have seen the Pope struggle as his health has failed him, but he continued to meet the quotidian challenges of life. It was this humanity, his warmth as a human being and his ability to talk plainly that made people feel close to him, and this is why so many mourn throughout the world at this time.

First Paper: “The House on Mango Street” -- Literature Review

First Paper The Ho custom on Mango StreetIn The House of Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros depicts the character of Esperanza as a coming-of-age female who dreams about having a house of her own. The house will bring for her the personal and family stability that she needs as evidenced by the authority the author uses the house to represent Esperanzas search for what she wants to be as an artist and as a woman. This is significant because it speaks about how people may use their imagination as a gist to reinvent themselves.Socially speaking, the concept of property is related to the possession of tangible and intangible things by an individual or a particular group. This idea of property brings benefits for some people it gives the feeling of having accomplished something in their lives, along with the stability that allow individuals to develop new ideas and projects as a result of having more confidence. More important, this idea of property brings for people a sense of belonging tha t is a fundamental part of their success in any comm sensation. In The House of Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros starts the story with a main character who describes her family journey to a new house, the House on Mango Street. despite describing a history of constant moving from different places that has ultimately constituted the girls family, the author implies in this description a sense of family unity that is based on the premise of acquiring property we were sixMama, Papa, Carlos, Kiki, my sister Nenny and me () The house on Mango Street is ours, and we dont have to bear rent to anybody (p. 3). However, when what people accomplish in their lives do not meet their expectations, frustration and disappointment may come alone. This is Esperanza... ...that defines her personality in terms of who she is outside(a) from her family heritage. Rather than assuming a chassis simply because it was given at birth, Esperanza is looking to create her own history away from her parents and her sister consequently, changing her name will be for Esperanza a very important part of her process toward finding an identity. In English my name means hope. In Spanish it means too many letters. It means sadness, it means waiting.For the first time, Esperanza mentions her name, but she implies a negative connotation in it. Her complaint about having a name with so many letters might express her discomfort when trying to be part of a community, because her name has a longer, harder and foreign pronunciation in compare to the names of her siblings Carlos, Kiki and Nenny, which are more suitable into the sounds of the English language.

Essay --

Benchmark 2 EssayMrs. Burns and Ms. Roche (English 2 Period 4)Christopher ConzaJanuary 15, 2014In this poem called Creatures by the author Billy collins at that place are lead examples of figurative language helps convey the meaning that the author Billy Collins is conveying. The three examples of figurative language that the author Billy Collins uses are a metaphor, enjambment, and imagery. These three examples of figurative language help illustrate Billy Collins content in this poem called Creatures that he is writing because these three examples of figurative language help emphasize the theme of the poem. These three examples help emphasize this poem called Creatures meaning because it makes the theme of this poem have a deeper meaning. The theme of the author Billy Collins poem called Creatures is that the reader has to imagineIn this poem called Creatures by the author Billy Collins there is a literary device called a metaphor when the reader is reading this poem. A metaphor i s a comparison of two unlike things without using the words like or as. In lines one (1) through...

Essay --

Benchmark 2 EssayMrs. Burns and Ms. Roche (English 2 Period 4)Christopher ConzaJanuary 15, 2014In this song called Creatures by the fountain Billy collins there are three examples of figurative phraseology helps convey the meaning that the author Billy Collins is conveying. The three examples of figurative language that the author Billy Collins uses are a metaphor, enjambment, and imagery. These three examples of figurative language help illustrate Billy Collins theme in this numbers called Creatures that he is writing because these three examples of figurative language help emphasize the theme of the poem. These three examples help emphasize this poem called Creatures meaning because it makes the theme of this poem have a deeper meaning. The theme of the author Billy Collins poem called Creatures is that the reader has to imagineIn this poem called Creatures by the author Billy Collins there is a literary device called a metaphor when the reader is reading this poem. A metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things without apply the words like or as. In lines one (1) through...

Assignment of Personal Sport

Last year, after summer vacation, I went into my student association football squad kind of sad, my past captain, the person who I had really admired, had moved to an different team. I did not really feel down though, because there were many of my friends that were playing with me this year. The greatest thing I had wise to(p) about soccer is Team Spirit, which I melodic theme my team was full of. Day by day, we played to pick upher, joked in the yard, hung out after pall matches, I was so happy to realise them as teammate. In my city, there were many rival teams, and they were always trying to pull pranks on each new(prenominal).sometimes nothing really happened, further sometimes something really terrible happened. I remembered the time our team did not have any uniforms because some wholeness has painted them. Luckily, we could have a new uniform which I thought were better, but we also had to pay a lot of money for them. This season was not just desire any season before. We had a new captain and we were also playing competitive soccer, which was a lot different than our normal soccer. Instead of playing with other local teams, we got to play in big tournaments and against strange teams from other cities.The spicy was also more vivid I remember the first game, against a team from Hue City-the city next to my city. The game we called Derby Game, it was totally different than anything I had seen, we were getting to play at a university, and against a passing ranked team. We had started the game, and man the other team was wild, they played with violence. After the first half with surprise and anger, we started to strike back, and I was sure the judge would hate to be in his position. Whenever he made a decision, he got a lot of bad word from players it did not matter if he was right or wrong.That game finished with a loss for us, but the biggest disappointment was that two of my teammates were injured. We soon learned to live with this violence, a nd the funny thing is, we even participated in it more than other teams. After we gained enough points, we entered to the next stage of the tournament, which was called Knock Out Stage. This meant we could be kicked out of the tournament as soon as we lost a game. The tournament was held in Ho Chi Minh City, the biggest city in my country. We stayed in a hotel with three other teams.At the first sight I looked at them, I realized that the rumors about them were true teams that qualified to this stage were really beasts, they were stronger, faster and even dirtier (in the way they play). We had about two days to practice and get used to the yard. The yard there was much prettier than in our city. The grass was greener, and there was more space for supporters. In the first day of the tournament, we had a game against Thu Do, a team from Hanoi City- our capital city. That team played really well, they ran all around the yard and I never saw any of them stop running.Our netminder was t aking a lot of their shots he looked really exhausted just after 20 minutes. Then as we saw that they were too strong for us, we changed the maneuver to counterattack, which was much safer and did not waste as much energy. I had to be withdrawn from the yard because of the change in tactic. At that time, I matte up so disappointed but I could contain it. The change in tactic seemed to be good and gave us a positive effect. Thu Do restrained attacked very strong, they flowed into our yard part like a huge flood, but it was less dangerous than before.Our defense did a very good job they kept the enemies far away from the goalie as much as they could, they also tried to block every shot from the enemies. I was sitting on the out of bounds for a bit and my teach asked me how I felt, I said good and asked if I could get back in, he said, Sure, but in a bit. So I started do some exercises to keep my body warm and be ready. A bit later, the referee blew the whistle and the first ha lf came to an end. The result was pipe down 0-0 and we could not expect more. Our team went into the rest room and discussed a lot.My coach told me that I would have a part in second half loathsome thought crossed my mind for a second but was soon gone. At the beginning of the second half, things were not much different from the first one Thu Do still tried hard to attack and score a goal, but our defense line was really concentrated on to the game. Whenever Thu Dos player got the ball, there were always two or maybe three of our players standing around him and were able to win the ball back. They kept attacking hard and we kept defending well.After 20 minutes, Thu Do players were starting to get tired, I could see how heavy and exhausted in their running, and you know, that was the time we had been waiting for. The coach told me to pop in. We started to attack them back, and can anyone believe it? We scored at our very first chance I was the one who crossed the final ball to Vu our player, and with a dash header, the Thu Dos net vibrated with our happiness and cheers from our supporters. We had been waiting for this time and it had come. I remembered a saying from a well-known coach that goes If you keep attacking but could not score, then you will be scored.It was true this time. I could not tell you how Thu Do players faces looked at that time. It was some kind of disappointed, groundless or maybe even shameful. After having a goal, we got back to defense style. The time left was still plenty, Thu Do player attacked in hopelessness, and for their honor. But that was it, the referee blew full time whistle and we won that game, a very tough game. We also paid a very expensive price because of that winning present moment our players were exhausted and did not have good form on the next game. We lost on our second game.Although that was not something that really surprised us, we were still. I thought the main reason for our loss was that we were not reall y ready for this kind of tournament. We were determined to get back to our city and train harder and hope for a self-made next year. That was also a lesson for me and my team, so that in next tournaments, we could have a better preparation in health and mental, and could avoid unnecessary injures. Until now, that soccer experience is something that I never forget in my life that was not only my first soccer tournament, but also the most impressive tournament I have ever had.

The Listing Regulations of the Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited

THE LISTING REGULATIONS OF THE DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE LIMITED Notification No. second base/Member-II, go steady 8th April 1996 In exercise of the powers conferred by section 34 (1) of the Securities and flip-flop Ordinance, 1969 (XVII of 1969), the Dhaka telephone circuit trade, with the previous sycophancy of the Securities and permute delegacy, pleased to make the quest regulation, namely I. 1.PRELIMINARY Short title and ex hug drugt of applicability (1) These Regulations whitethorn be c in altogether in alled the Listing Regulations of the Dhaka Stock convince check The Regulations shall apply to all companies and securities applying for lean and those listed on the flip-flop. (2) 2. (1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) In the Regulations, unless there is allthing repugnant in the subject or context. Act means the Companies Act, 1994 Council means the circuit card of Councillors of the re-sentencing Commission means the Securities and win over Commission trade means the Dhaka Stock central Limited Listed ac gild means a caller or a body integ postd or a corporation or opposite body which has been listed in accordance with the regulations and whose securities atomic number 18 listed Listed credentials shall include all portion, scrip, debenture, term finance certification, bond, pre-organization certificate or such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) early(a) instruments as the Commission whitethorn, by nonification in the Official Gazette, specify for the purpose and which is accepted for tilt on the Ex adjustment in accordance with the Regulations Ordinance means the Securities & Exchange Ordinance, 1969 (XVII of 1969) Prescribed means prescribed by these Regulations or at a lower place authority hereof Regulations means these itemization Regulations of the Exchange for the prison term organism in force Secretary means the Secretary to the Exchange. (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (2) Words of expressions specify in the Act and the Or dinance shall, except those defined herein or where the subject or the context forbids, bear the identical meaning as in the Act and the Ordinance or either of them and in the facial expression of word or expression bears different meanings under both the Act. and the Ordinance t lid meaning which is carried or included in the Act shall prevail and micturate preferred application. II. LISTING OF COMPANIES & SECURITIES 3. 1) No dealings in securities of a come with shall be allowed on the Exchange either on the Ready quotation Board or absolved List, unless the familiarity or the securities have been listed and permission for such dealing has been granted in accordance with these Regulations. (2) The permission under sub-regulation (1) whitethorn be granted upon an application organism made by the comm unity or in lever of the securities in the manner prescribed at least ten age prior to fill in of the first prospectus. The Exchange, in granting such permission will watch, among fermenter(a) things sufficiently of normal interest in the comp both or the securities as placed by the Council in a welldefined way. 3) The Exchange shall decide the question of granting permission within a maximum plosive of six weeks from the interpret of cloture of subscription lists. In case the permission is refused, the reasons therefore will be communicated to the applicant and the Commission within six weeks from the date of closure of subscription lists. (4) The Council will be the sole authority to grant, defer or refuse such permission and may for that purpose, relax all of these regulation subject except to two-third majority of the councillors hold at such concussion of the council and so resolving by the majority of them. 4. (1) The application for itemization shall be made by the applicant- play along or on be half of the security in the prescribed form and will be accompanied by the wagess, specified in the Regulations. 2) The Council may require growthal evidence, contract bridges, affirmations and decl beation as overly new(prenominal) forms to be filled up just and relevant to application for lean, and all such requisitions shall be deemed to be prescribed requisitions for the purpose of a beseeming application for consideration by the Council for itemisation. (3) If an application together with the supererogatory cultivation referred to in subregulation(2) is not bowted, the Council may defer consideration or decline to consider it in which case such application will stand disposed of as refused. However, the applicant may move a fresh application later six months from the date of such refusal unless the Council other-wise decides. 4) An Applicant-comp all or security applying for listing shall furnish full and au hencetic schooling in respect thereof and such other particulars reasonable and relevant to the application for listing, as the Council or the Exchange may require from time to time. All routin e particulars may be called for by the Secretary. III. lying-in 5. (1) No listing of a social club or securities, shall be permitted unless the caller or the authorised representative on behalf of the securities has provided an attempt under a uncouth seal and authorised signature to abide by these Regulations. (2) The Company and/or the authorised representative in respect of securities, as the case may be, shall boost undertake. i) (ii) that the securities shall be quoted on the Ready Quotation Council and/or the Cleargond List at the free will of the Exchange. that the Exchange shall not be sharpness by the quest of the Company to remove its securities from the Ready Quotation Council and/or the Cleared List that the Exchange shall be authorised and have the even up, at any time and without dowry come upon if it be deemed proper for reasons to be recorded in writing, to suspend or to remove any name and addresss or securities from the Ready Quotation Council and/or the Cleared List for any reason which the Exchange considers sufficient in frequent interest as determined by the Council in a well- defined way. hat such provisions in the articles of association of a Company or in any declaration or foundation garment relating to any security as are or differently not deemed by the Exchange to be in conformity with the Regulations shall, upon being called upon by the Council, be amended forthwith and until such time as these amendments are made the provisions of these Regulations shall be deemed to supersede the articles of association of the Company or the declaration or primer coat relating to the securities to the extent indicated by the Council for purposes of amendment. that the Company or the security may be de-listed by the Council in the resultant roleant of non-compliance and/or br separately(prenominal) of undertaking given hereunder. (iii) (iv) (v) 6. The pursual documents and particulars duly testify by the confederation or the Company or authorised representative presenting the security shall be submitted to the Exchange at the time of application for listing or any time on demand by the Exchange. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) industriousness for listing as per Form I Memorandum & Articles of Association replicate of the Certificate of incorporation written matter of the Certificate of Commencement of Business Copy of the Feasibility Report, in case of a new project Copy of the certificate of registration of the industrial Units issued by the Council of Investment or any other competent authority Copies of all temporal contracts and discernments entered into or exchanged with foreign participants, machinery suppliers and any other pecuniary institutions (viii) Copies of garner (s) of Credit established in favour of Machinery Suppliers, if linked with the mankind issue (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) Copy of Consent wander issued by the Commission Names of Directors along with theater directorship o f other companies listed on the Exchange Draft prospectus/Offer for exchange Auditors Certificate for the amount subscribed by the promoters/directors/ subsidiaries/associates (xiii) Copies of the agreements relation to issue to securities for onsideration other than bills, if any (xiv) (xv) (xvi) Copy of underwriting agreement (if any) Statement of audited accounts for the last 5 categorys or for a shorter number of old age if the company is in operation only for such shorter stop Statement showing the cost of project and means of finance (xvii) Copies of the approval of tax-holi twenty-four hours application under Ordinance, 1984 (xviii) Copies of the consent Letters from Bankers or Financial Institution to the Issues (xix) (xx) (xxi) Application for submission of Under of Undertaking and passment of fees as per Form II Copy of approval of prospectus/offer for sale from Commission and every other documents/material contract and such other particulars as may be need by the Ex change or by the Council and/or by the Commission IV. PROSPECTUS, ALLOTMENT, ISSUE AND TRANSFER OF SHARES. 7. 1) No Company will apply for listing or be listed unless it is sayed under the Act as a public hold in company or has been set up under a statute and its lower limit paid-up capital is Taka Twenty million. (2) Despite receiving the application for listing and any preliminary actions thereon, no Company shall be listed unless it has made a public issue which is subscribed by not less than 400 applicants. (3) The wants of sub-section (1) or (2) shall not apply to listing of securities, other than dole outs of companies, unless any law so requires or the commission, in the exercise of its powers under the Ordinance, so directs. 8. (1) The prospectus or the offer for sale shall confirm to and in accordance with the requirements and provisions of the Act and/or the Ordinance and any other law or legal requirement for the time being applicable.Without prejudice to the foregoin g the prospectus or the offer for sale shall fulfill all requirements of the law and of the Commission and shall submit that(a) the amount of public issue shall be in accordance with the consent order of the Commission, where applicable and the requirements prescribed hereunder or otherwise laid down by the Exchange in all public issues, either by way of prospectus or by offer for sale, the basic of allotment shall be in accordance with the consent order issued by the commission under the Ordinance the share certificates shall be issued in such foodstuffable gobs as may be determined or authorize by the Commission and the application m bingley shall be regressed, within such time as is prescribed in regulation 9 (4), if the company is not listed on the Exchange for any reason what so ever or the listing is refused. (2) (b) (c) (d) (3)The prospectus or offer for sale with the proforma application form shall be published by the company in one national daily Newspaper or as the Ex change may in addition require, at least 7 (seven) geezerhood in advance but not more than 30 (thirty) age before the due date of the spread of the subscription list. The company shall make getable to the Exchange and to the bankers to the issue for distribution printed copies of prospectus or offer for sale and application forms in the quantity to be determined by the Exchange and the bankers. The company shall also accept application on identical copy/forms. (4) (5) Applications for shares shall be accepted only finished bankers to the issue, whose call shall be included in the prospectus or the offer for sale.The directors or the associated companies, as the case may be, shall not participate in subscription of shares offered to the ordinary public. The company shall inform the Exchange of the subscription received, which information shall be communicated in writing under the hand of an authorised person with certificate(s) from bankers to the issue, within seven working o ld age of the closing of subscription. The company shall take a decision within forty age of the closure of subscription list as to what applications have been accepted or are successful. The company shall refund the application money in case of unaccepted or unsuccessful applications within 40 days of the closure of subscription lists.In case the application for listing is refused by the Exchange, for any or what so ever reasons, the company shall within 30 days pay without interest all money received from applicants in spare-time activity of the prospectus or the offer for sale, and if any such money is not repaid within thirty days after(prenominal) the company becomes liable to repay it, the directors of the company shall be, jointly and severally, liable to reply that money with interest at the rate of one percent for every month or part there of from the termination of the 30th day. In case of over-subscription, the company, or the officers, as the case maybe, shall prom ptly submit to the Exchange copies of the ballot register of successful applications.The company shall despatch all allotment earn for securities in foodstuffable lot within 40 (forty) days of closing of the subscription lists and keep ready all security certificates concerned, affixing hologram on them, within 90 (ninety) days of the date of issue of the allotment letter to under intimation to the Exchange. Provided however that for merchandise purpose all allotment letters as well as Form-117 must bear rubber stamp with the word certified/verified under signature of the company Secretary, both in original, on the top right hand side of the homogeneous and that no allotment letter shall be acceptable by Exchange after cxl (one hundred and forty) days of closing of the subscription lists. (6) 9. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 7) Any company which makes a default in complying with the requirements of these Regulations, or any of its sub-regulation, shall pay to the Exchange a penaliza tion of TK. 1,000 (Taka one thousand only) for every day during which the default continues. The Exchange may also notify the fact of such default and the name of the defaulting company by stigmatise and also by publication in the Ready Council Quotation of the Exchange. (8) Any action under these Regulations shall be without prejudice to the action or steps interpreted by any other person or authority. 10. The company or the offerers shall, within six weeks of closing of subscription list, pay brokerage to the members of the exchange at the minimum rate of one percent of the value of the shares actually sold through them. 11. 1) (2) The company shall split allotment letters and letters of right into marketable lots within ten days of receipt of such application. The company shall consolidate or split, as may be required by a bearer in writing, share certificates into marketable lots within 45 days of receipt of such application. The company shall verify the signature of shareholde rs within 72 hours of such a request which need not be accompanied by share certificates. The company shall complete shares transfer and have ready for delivery the share certificates lodged for registration of transfer within 45 days of the application for such transfer and its registration. The company shall give a minimum of 14 days notice to the Exchange prior to (Closure of Share Transfer Books for any Purpose.The company shall treat the date of posting as the date of lodgement of shares for the purpose for which shares transfer register is weedyd, provided that the post documents are received by the company before relevant action has been taken by the company. The company shall issue transfer receipts straightawayly on receiving the shares for transfer. The company shall not charge any transfer fee for transfer of shares. The company shall provide a minimum compass point of 7 days but not exceeding 15 days at a time for closure of shares Transfer Register, for any purpose, n ot exceeding 45 days in a year in the whole. 12. (1) (2) 13. (1) (2) (3) ( 4) (5) 14.No listed Company shall exercise any line whatsoever on fully paid shares and not shall there be any restriction on transfer of fully paid shares. The same shall apply to all listed securities. V. DIVIDENDS AND ENTITLEMENTS 15. (1) Every listed company shall advise and keep advise by appropriate writings the Exchanges of all dividends and entitlement in respect of its listed securities immediately upon recommendations by its directors through a letter to be delivered under a sealed sweep during traffic hours of the exchange. (2) Intimation of dividend and of all other entitlement shall be sent to the exchange not later than 14 days prior to commencements of the book closure. 16.Every listed company shall intrust to the exchange its financial results, both in the case of half yearly and annual accounts, in such from as may be prescribed by the commission as soon as these are approved by the direct ors of the company. 17. (1) The company shall send to the Exchange 50 copies each of statutory reports, annual reports and audited accounts not later then 14 days before a merging of the shareholders is held to consider the same. (2) The company shall send to the Exchange copies of all notices as well as resolution at the same time of their publication and despatch to the shareholders and also file with the Exchange certified copies of all such resolutions as soon as these have been adopted and become effective. (3) The company shall send to the Exchange 50 copies of half yearly accounts as soon as the same are printed and/or published. 18. 1) Every listed company shall (i) despatch the interim dividend warrants to the shareholders concerned within 60 days from the date of declaration of such dividend in a meeting of the jury of directors in which the same has been approved despatch the final dividend warrants to the shareholders concerned within 60 days from the date of ecumeni cal meeting in which the same has been approved despatch the share certificates against premium issue or stock dividend to the shareholders concerned within 60 days from the date of general meeting in which the same has been approved intimate the exchange immediately as soon as all the dividend warrants or bonus share certificates ,as the case may be, are posted to the shareholders despatch interim and final dividend warrants, or bonus share certificates, as the case may be, to the shareholders by registered post or courier service unless those authorise to receive the dividend or certificate require otherwise in writing. (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (3)All dividend warrants, in addition to the place of the registered office of the issuing companies, shall be encashable at least at all divisional head quarters for a period if six months from the date of issue. A listed company, which makes a default in complying, with the requirements of this regulation, shall pay to the Exchange penalty of Tk. 1000. 00 (Taka one thousand only) for every day during which the default continues. The Exchange may also notify the fact of such default and the name of defaulting company by notice and also by publication in the decreed Quotation list of the Exchange. Any action under these Regulations shall be without prejudice to the action or steps taken by any other person or authority. 3) (4) VI. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS, ETC. 19. (1) A listed company shall hold its annual general meeting and lay before the said meetings balance sheet, profit and loss account and cash flows statement within nine months following the close of its financial year and in keeping with the provisions of the act. (2) A company may apply to the Exchange for extension in time under sub-regulation (1) and shall pay the following extension fees with such application (i) Extension for the 1st month or part thereof Tk. vitamin D0. 00 (ii) Extension for the 2nd month or part thereof Tk. 10,000. 00 (iii) Extension for the 3rd month or part thereof Tk. 15,000. 0 Provided that the in a higher place extension shall be allowed subject to and upon production of a letter of approval from the commission allowing a similar Extension. (3) Upon receipt of the application, with the fee corresponding to the extension applied for, the council may, in its sole discretion, grant or refuse the extension. In the event of refusal the fee paid with the application shall be refunded retaining 10% thereof as service charges. (4) Failure to obtain extension from the exchange or if the annual general meeting is not held within time of the extension is refused, it shall make the company liable to penalty at double the rate of extension fees provided above. (5) No however extension beyond maximum period under sub-regulation (2) shall be granted.In the event of default continuing after the final extension provided here inabove, the company shall be liable to an additional penalty at the rate of Tk. 1,000. 00 per da y for every day of the default and to action of suspension or delisting as may be decided by the Exchange. The Exchange may also notify the fact of such default and the name of the defaulting company by notice and also by publication of the same in the official quotation List of the Exchange. 20. (1) The company shall furnish copies of minutes of its annual general meeting and of every extra-ordinary general meeting to the Exchange and the commission within 60 days of such meeting. 2) The company shall furnish to the Exchange and the commission a summarized list of shareholders showing the prop by sponsors, foreigners, institutions and general public as at 30th June and 31st December in each calendar year duly affirmed to be cover as and up to that date, within 30 days thereof. Failure to comply in the said behalf shall be deemed to be violation of these regulations and, in addition, such Company shall be liable to pay a sum of Tk. 1,000. 00perdayfor each day of default until it c ontinues. VII. 21. INCREASE OF CAPITAL & ALLIED ISSUES Every listed company shall immediately advice the Exchange and the commission of all decisions taken by its council of directors and / or shareholders regarding any change in authorized, issued or paid up capital, issue of bonus shares, right shares or refund of capital and/ or reduction of capital. 22. 1) A listed company shall issue entitlement letters or right offers to all the share holders within a period of 45 days from the date of re-opening of share transfer register of the company closed for this purpose. (2) The company shall pay the following fees for extension granted by the Exchange with regard of issuance entitlement letters, etc. (i) for the first 15 days (ii) for the first 15 days Tk. 1,000. 00 per day Tk. 2,000. 00 per day Failure to seek extension from the Exchange shall make the company, liable to a penalty at double the rate of extension fee provided above. (3) No extension shall be granted beyond the period in sub-regulations (2).In the event of the default continuing after the final extension, the company shall be liable to an additional penalty at the rate of TK. 5000. 00 per day for each of default and also to action of suspension or otherwise delisting by the Exchange (4) No company which has been suspended or de-listed, as the case may be, shall be restored and its shares re-quoted on Exchange until it has paid the full amount of penalty for the days of the default and receives the assent of the Council and/or Exchange for the restoration. 23. (1) A listed company shall issue bonus shares certificates within a period of sixty days from the date of re-opening of the share transfer register closed for this purpose according to the following time table. i) the bonus share certificates shall be despatched to the shareholders or concerned by registered post courier service unless those entitled to receive the bonus share certificates require otherwise in writing (ii) (iii) the exchang e shall be immediately intimated as soon as the bonus share certificates are despatched to the shareholders the company shall pay the extension fee (as in regulation 22(2) above)for extension granted by the Exchange with regard to issuance of bonus shares no extension beyond that provided in the preceding article shall be granted in the event of the default continuing after the final extension the company shall be liable to the penalty at the rate of Tk. 5,000. 00 per day the default continues and lso to action of suspension or de-listing by the Exchange. (iv) (v) (2) No listed company, which has been suspended or delisted, shall be restored andits share re-quoted on the Exchange until it pays penalty for the days of the default and receives the assent of the Council for restoration. VIII. LISTING OF SUBSIDIARY COMPANY & OTHER MATTERS. 24. (1) A listed company distributing shares of its unlisted subsidiary company in the form of mintage dividend, right shares or any similar distrib ution shall get such subsidiary company listed on the Exchange within a period of 120 days from the date of approval of such distribution by the shareholders at the meeting of such company.In case of failure of such subsidiary company to apply for listing or refusal by the Exchange for such listing on account of insufficient public interest, or for any other reason whatsoever, the Company distributing specie dividend shall encash the shares of the subsidiary company at the option of the recipients at the impairment not less than the current break-up value or face value, whichever is higher, within 30 days from the expiry of 120 days or from the date of refusal of listing whichever is earlier, failure in which behalf shall be default in which event the trading in the shares of the listed company be suspended by the Council or the company de-listed. (2) 25. Every listed company shall notify the Exchange and the Commission immediately regarding changes in its council of directors by a ddition or removal by death, resignation, or dis-qualification, as the case may be. 6. A listed company shall notify the Exchange and the Commission of any amendment proposed to be made in its memorandum and articles of association before the same are placed for the approval of the shareholders. 27. A listed company shall immediately notify the Exchange and the Commission in respect of any material change in the nature of its business including science or sale or purchase of major operating assets, franshise, brand name, goodwill, royal house and all relevant information such as consideration, terms of payment, period of use of such facilities and projected gains and also risk or uncertain factors to fall to the Company. 28.Every listed company shall advise the Exchange of (a) the decision to issue Term Finance certificates and the purpose thereof, not withstanding the application is to be made to the Commission later (b) submit copy of the application made to Commission with rele vant details and certified copy of the consent order (c) all material particulars of the Term Finance Certificates including conditions organisation the issue, details of guarantees/securities, trustees and name of the subscribing institution (s). 29. All listed Companies shall intimate before 14 days to the Exchange and the Commission in respect of the date and time of memory of its annual general meeting or extra-ordinary general meetings. 30. All listed company shall notify the Exchange and the Commission in advance the date and time of its council meeting circumscribedly called for consideration of its accounts and for declaration of any entitlement for the shareholders. IX. DE-LISTING AND SUSPENSION. 31. 1) A listed company may be de-listed or suspended for any of the following reasons (a) if its securities are quoted below 50 percent of face value for a never-ending period of three calendar years provided that if the shares of the company quoted at 50 percent or above of t heir face value then such a rate is maintained for a continuous period of thirty working days. (b) if it has failed to declare dividend or bonus (i) for five years from the date of declaration of last dividend or bonus or (ii) (iii) in the case of manufacturing companies, for five years from the date of commencement of commercialized production and for five years from the date of commencement of business in all other cases. c) if it has failed to hold its annual general meeting for a continuous period of three years (d) if it has gone in to liquidation either voluntarily or under court order (e) if it has failed to pay the annual listing fees as prescribed in these regulations payable to the Exchange for a period of 2 years or penalty imposed under these regulation or any other dues payable to the Exchange for a period of two years (f) if it has failed to comply with the requirements of any of these Regulations (g) no company which has been de-listed or suspended shall be restored and its shares re-quoted until it removes the causes of de-listing/suspension and receives the assent of the Council or Exchange for the restoration. (2) No company will be de-listed under the Listing Regulations unless the company has been given an adequate opportunity of being heard. 32.Where no trading has taken place on the Exchange in the Securities of a listed company for a continuous period of 180 days, the Exchange, if it is satisfied that the prices quoted are not in accordance with the market realities, the Exchange may declare it as not traded or as an inactive stock, until such time as a subsequent trade takes place and a price is ascertained. X. LISTING AND ANNUAL FEES 33. (1) A company applying for listing on the Exchange, shall pay an initial listing fee combining weight to one fourth of one percent of the PAID-UP CAPITAL, DEBENTURE AND SHARE PREMIUM, IF ANY subject to a minimum of Taka ten thousand. (2) Whenever a listed company increase the paid-up capital of any kin or class of its shares, or securities listed on the Exchange, it shall pay to the Exchange a fee equivalent to one fourth of one percent of such increase of shares and debentures along with share premium, if any, thereon. 3) Every listed company shall pay, in respect of each financial year of the Exchange, commencing from 1st January and ending on 31st December next, an annual listing fee, which shall be payable by or before the 31st March in each calendar year, as per following order of business COMPANIES HAVING PAID-UP CAPITAL & DEBENTURES RATE OF FEE Up to Tk. 1(One) crore Up to Tk. 2 (Two) crore Up to Tk. 3 (Three) crore Up to Tk. 4 (Four) crore Up to Tk. 5 (Five) crore Up to Tk. 7. 5 (Seven & Half) crore Up to Tk. 10 (Ten) crore Up to Tk. 12. 5 (Twelve & Half) crore Up to Tk. 15 (Fifteen) crore Up to Tk. 20 (Twenty) crore Up to Tk. 25 (Twenty Five) crore Up to Tk. 30 (Thirty) crore Up to Tk. 40 (Forty) crore Tk. 10,000 Tk. 15,000 Tk. 20,000 Tk. 25,000 Tk. 30,000 Tk. 35,00 0 Tk. 40,000 Tk. 5,000 Tk. 50,000 Tk. 55,000 Tk. 60,000 Tk. 65,000 Tk. 70,000 Up to Tk. 50 (Fifty) crore Up to Tk. 60 (Sixty) crore Up to Tk. 70 (Seventy) crore Up to Tk. 80 (Eighty) crore Up to Tk. 100 (One hundred) crore supra Tk. 100 (One hundred) crore Tk. 75,000 Tk. 80,000 Tk. 85,000 Tk. 90,000 Tk. 95,000 Tk. 1,00,000 Provided that the Exchange or Council may revise the above fees or any of the slabs or add new slabs, Provided nevertheless that every company applying for listing shall pay annual listing fee for the entire financial year of the Exchange along with the listing application irrespective of the date of its listing during that financial/calendar year. 4) The above Listing fee or any other sum fixed by the Exchange or the Council shall be payable by 31st March in advances for every financial/calendar year. Failure to pay the annual fee by 31st March shall make the company liable to pay a surcharge at the rate of 1. 5 percent (one and a half percent) per month or part thereof, until payment. However if reasonable grounds are adduced for non or delayed payment of annual fee, the Exchange or the Council may, reduce or waive the surcharge liability. A Company applying for hang-up on the Exchange shall, in addition to other fees, pay a sum of Tk, 5,000. 00 as Service charges, which is nonrefundable in any case.In case the listing is not allowed by the Council or he Exchange, 90% of both the initial listing fee and annual listing fee shall be refunded within sixty days of such refusal after retaining 10% of the whole as processing charge. All Exchange dues shall be paid by cheques, pay orders or bank drafts pay able to the Exchange at any bank branch located in Dhaka. Without prejudice to the action which the Exchange may take under these Regulations in the event of default in payment of its dues, nothing shall prevent the Exchange from recovering such dues through posting defaulters names on the notice Council of the Exchange or by invoking the pro cess of law obtaining order of the commission or of a competent court.Without prejudice to various specific or other penalties provided or available under these Regulations, the Exchange or the Council shall have powers to suspend or delist a company which in the intellection of the Exchange or the Council has defaulted or contravened any Listing Regulations. (5) (6) (7) 34. (1) (2) 35. (1) (2) The suspension or delisting under the preceding sub-regulation shall be communicated to the company, the Commission and simultaneously notified to the trade, inter-ali a, by posting it on the notice board of the Exchange and publishing it, if deemed necessary, in the Official quotation List or a Circular intimation issued by the Exchange. Trading in the shares and securities of a suspended or delisted company shall forthwith case and shall not be re-commenced until the suspension with drawn or the listing restored by order of the Council or the Exchange.Chapter- XI CONTINUING LISTING REQUIR EMENTS (3) 36. eon a Company remains on the official list it shall comply with the following requirements and such requirements as may be introduced from time to time the discretion of the Exchange and provide forthwith any comments requested by the Exchange. (A) (1) straightaway Announcements to be made to the Exchange for release. A listed Company shall supply the Exchange with immediate effect. Any information concerning the Company or any of its subsidiaries necessary to avoid the establishment of a false marked in the Companys securities or which would be apt(predicate) to materially affect the price of its securities. 2) Any learnedness or disposal which are in the nature of trade investments and which in the opinion of the Directors is material, the fact of such disposal or acquisition and the possible for estimated effects of such disposal and acquisition on the performance and the profitability of the Company shall be communicated to the Exchange and to the shareholders simultaneously. (3) Any proposed change in the general character or nature of business of the Company or of any subsidiary thereof and particulars of any other or proposals for the purchase or sale of any controlling interest or any substantial part of the assets of the Company or of any subsidiary thereof and of the decisions of the Council in that regard. (4) Any intention to fix a book closing date and the reason thereof, starting the book closure date, which shall be at least 14 (fourteen) market days after the date of notification to the Exchange, along with the address of security registry at which documents will be accepted for registration.Provided however that the Exchange may direct at any time in writing to any company for effecting compulsory book closure within and for certain period of time as may be prescribed in the directive, subject to the time limits prescribed by the companies Act. 1994. Provided further that the Exchange may also direct any company at any time in writing to take appropriate measures for ensuring issuance of good tradable securities of the company. (5) Any recommendation or decision that a dividend will not be declared. (6) (a) (i) Any announcement of a payment of an interim dividend (including bonuses if any), the rate and amount per share and date of such payment which shall be before the expiry of 60 market days from the date of announcement. ii) Any recommendation of a final dividend (including bonuses if any), the date and amount per share and date of payment which shall be before the expiry of 60 market days from the date of declaration. (b) Any decision to change the enceinte Structure of the Company by way of rights or a Bonus Issue. Such information should be communicated to the Exchange by telephone no in the first place the meeting is held to consider or recommend such entitlement and confirmed by letter immediately afterwards. (7) In the case of an interim dividend declared before the close of a financial yea r, such announcement to the Exchange shall be accompanied by a statement showing comparative construes, based on which the declaration was made for such period of the current financial year and the corresponding period of the previous year. 8) When a dividend (Interim or Final) is declared after the close of a financial year, such announcement to the Exchange shall be accompanied by a statement showing comparative figures of the following (a) Turnover figure/ everlasting(a) operating profit (b) Gross profit (c) Income from other sources (d) Provision for Taxation (e) Net profit after Taxation (9) (a) The Company shall make available to the Exchange and to all shareholders in the form set out in a half yearly Financial Statements before the expiry of 1 month from the half year period, such financial Statements shall be signed by the Chairman or Chief Executive and the Finance Director or in his absence the Chief Accountant. (b) The Company shall make available to the Exchange Finan cial Statements before the expiry of 3 months from the end of each Financial yr even if the figure are provisional subject and to audit. 10) Any intention to pass a resolution at any members meeting shall be notified to the Exchange at the same time that it is conveyed to the shareholders and within3market days after the date of the meeting whether or not such resolution was carried. Companies shall send duly stamped substitute forms to shareholders and debenture holders in all cases where proposals other than those of a purely routine nature are to be considered at a meeting of the companys shareholders and debenture holders and such proxy forms shall be so worded that a shareholder or a debenture holder may be eligible to vote either for or against each resolution (11) Any change of address of the registered office of the Company or of any office sat which the register of the securities of the Company is kept. 12) Any change in the Directors, Company Secretary, Registers or Audi tors of theCompany. (13) Any change of substantial share holding in the Company and details thereof. (14) Any application filed with a Court to vacate up the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The appointment or receiver of liquidator of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. (15) Any acquisition of shares of another company or any transaction resulting in such Company because a subsidiary of the Company. 37. Annual published accounts and report shall contain among other information (1) A full list of Investment (quoted and unquoted) held out side the gruoup as investments by the Company. (2) Holdings in Associate and Subsidiaries with the relative percentage. 3) A distribution schedule of each class of equity security setting out the member of holders and percentage in the following categoriesNo. of Holders Holdings Less than 500 shares 501 to 5,000 shares 5,001 to 10,000 shares 10,001 to 20,000 shares 20,001 to 30,000 shares 30,001 to 40,000 shares 40,001 to 50,000 shares 50,00 1 to 100,000 shares 100,001 to 1,000,000 shares Over 1,000,000 shares (4) A director Report, in addition to the requirements of the Companies Act, 1994 shall contain (i) (ii) Names of the persons who were at any time during the Financial Year, Directors of the Company. The principal activities of the Company and its subsidiaries during the year and any changes therein. Total Holdings % (iii)Significant changes in the Companys or its subsidiaries fixed assets and the market value of land, if the value differs substantially from the book value. If any shares or debentures have been issued, the number, class and consideration received and the reason for the issue. dilate of any arrangements whereby the Company enables Directors to acquire benefits by means of acquisition of share or debentures of the Company or any body corporate, explaining the effect of the arrangements and giving names of the Directors who, at any time during this year, were Directors and held, or whose nominees he ld, shared or debentures acquired as a result of the arrangements.A statement for each Director whether or not he had an interest in any other body corporate within the group, specifying the number and amount of shares and debentures held at the beginning and end of each Financial Year (or if was not a Director at the beginning of the year, the details when he became a Director). If turnover is attributable to two or more substantially differing classes of business, the proportions in which the turnover is divided among these classes, also operating profit and asset allocation (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) The sum total of contributions made to government approved charities and other charities by the company. If in respect of each category, if exceeds Tk. 50,000/(ix) Where items are shown in the Directors Report instead of in the accounts of the company, the corresponding amounts for the immediately preceding year must also be shown. 3) A Chairmans Report which shall include events de rivering after the Balance Sheet Date as required by the Bangladesh Accounting Standards on Contingencies and Event occurring after the Balance Sheet Date. 38. of (a) Lodging of a valid transfer (including for the balance if any ) (b) Closing of the offer. (c) Date for acceptance. (d) The expiration of any rights to renunciation, and shall not impose a fee for such issue or executions. If for any reason, the transfer cannot be registered, notice shall be given to the lodging broker, within 5 market days with reasons for such refusal. Companies shall issues definitive certificates before the expiry of 14 Market days 39.The companies shall disclose to the exchange on request an extract of the stock or the share register showing full details of al entries relating to the registration of stocks. Or shares entered or deleted under any particular name and the names into which any stocks or shares may have been transferred. The companies shall inform the exchange as and when a report is l odged with the company on any loss certificates or when the company discovers a forgery in a certificate of the company. 40. 41. GENERAL (1) It is the duty of the Council of Directors of a company to the ensure that all the requirements are met on a continuing basis so long as company remains on the official list of the Exchange. 2) In the event of any violation of the following continuing listing requirements of the Exchange, the Companies shall pay to exchange fines prescribed below Delays in submission of the half yearly report - Tk. 500/-per day (a) lays in submissions of the annual provisional accounts - Tk. 500/-per day (b) Delays in dispatching audited accounts - Tk. 500/-per day (c) Delays in payments of annual listing fees - Tk. 500/-per day (d) Delays in the registering of share transfers - Tk. 500/-per day 42. (1) All shares of public companies listed with the exchange shall be sold through the trading scheme of the exchange. (2) Where,(a) transfer of the share is to be made by the registered shareholder to his close relative (i. e. pouse, son, daughter, father, mother, pal or sister) by way of gift, the transferor shall apply to the exchange (b) transaction of such share is not possible to be effected through the trading system of the exchange under exceptional circumstance, the seller, or the pledgee (for effecting transfer of the pledged share in the pledgees name in case of default of the pledgor), shall apply to the SEC through the exchange, in Form III for prior approval to effect such transfer or transaction, as the case may be Provided, however, that a service charge to the extent of Tk. 0. 05% on the closing price of the scrip shall be payable to the exchange for each transfer, and that the closing price of the scrip prevailing on the day of approval accorded by the exchange, or the SEC, as the case may be, shall be taken as the price of the scrip for the purpose of such service charge. Chapter XII incorporate DISCLOSURE POLICY 43.Out line of Exchange Disclosure policies The Exchange considers that the conduct of a fair and orderly market requires, every listed Company to make available to the public information necessary to informed expend and to take reasonable steps to ensure that all who invest in its securities enjoy equal advance to such information. In applying these fundamental principle, the Exchange has adopted the following six specific policies concerning disclosure, each of which is discussed in further details in regulation 44. (1) Immediate Public Disclosure of Material Information A listed company is required to release material information to the public in a manner designed to obtain its fullest possible public dissemination. (2) Through public Dissemination A Listed Company is required to release material information to the public in a manner designed to obtain its fullest possible public dissemination. 3) Clarification or Confirmation of Rumours and Reports Whenever a listed company become s, or is made aware of a hearsay or report true or false, that contains information that is likely to have, or has had an effect on the trading in the companys securities or would likely to have a bearing on investment decisions, the company is required to publicly clarify the dish the dirt reports as promptly as reports as possible. (4) solution to Unusual Market Action Whenever unusual market action takes place in a listed companys securities, the company is expected to make research to determine whenever or other conditions requiring corrective action exists, and if so, to take, whatever action is ppropriate.If, after the companys review, the unusual market action remains undetermined it may be appropriate for the company to announce that there has been no material development in its business and affairs not previously break to its knowledge, nor any other reason to account for the unusual market action. (5)UnwarrantedPromotionalDisclosure A listed company should refrain fro m promotional disclosure activity which exceeds what is necessary to enable the public to make informed investment decisions. Such activity includes inappropriately worded news release, public announcements not justified by actual development in a company affairs, exaggerated reports or predictions, flamboyant wording and other forms of overstated or overzealus disclosure activity which may mislead investors and cause unwarranted price movements and activity in a companys securities. 6) Insider Trading Insiders should not trade on the basis of material information which is not known to the investing public. Moreover, insiders should refrain from trading, even, after material information has been released to the press an other media, for a period at least 5 market days to permit through public dissemination and evaluation of the information. (7) Buy/Sell of Shares by Sponsors Every sponsor (which include every director, promoter, officer and / or other sponsor) or listed companies required to report to the Exchange in writing about his/her/theirintention to buy or sell or otherwise dispose off the shares held by him/her/them in he concerned company in the following format at least four working days before the scheduled date for disposal / acquisition of the shares with copy to the securities and Exchange Commission. Format Report to Exchange under regulation 43 (7) of the listing regulations of the Exchange 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (s) Name of the Company Name with full address of the sponsor Folio No. in the Company Quantity of shares to buy/sell Scheduled date(s) for buy/sell Details of disposal/acquisition think for other than through Stock Exchange hint of the Sponsor Place Signature verified by Date (Seal & Signature with date of the authorised official of the company) 44. score OF EXCHANGE DISCLOSURE POLICES Explanation of exchange disclosure polices The Exchange Disclosure Policies shall be interpreted and understood in the way these are explained in the schedule 45. The Exchange Listing Department in primarily responsible for day to day relations between listed companies and The Exchange. When unusual market action occurs it is reported to the Manager. In many cases by checking with market Surveillance, the Manager will try to trace the reason for the action to a specific cause such as recently disclosed information, or rumours, market surveillance may also check broker firms as to the source and reason for activity stemming from their particular firms.If no explanation of the unusual activity is revealed the Exchange may call officials of the company to determine whether the cause of the action is known to them. If the action appears to be attributable to a rumour or report or to material information that has not been publicly disseminated, the Company is requested to take appropriate corrective action and it may be advisable to halt trading until such action has been taken. 46. Consultation with The Exchange Listing Manager Listed Companies are urged to contact the Exchange as early as possible whenever problems are encountered or anticipated in interpreting or applying the Exchanges disclosure policies.By means of such advance consultation, effective social function between companies and the Exchange can be maintained 47. Power of exempt fines. The Exchange shall have the power to exempt any listed company from payment of fines leviable under these regulations on application for reasons stated in writing. FORM I (See regulation 6(i)) APPLICATION FOR LISTING OF SECURITIES WITH DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE To The Secretary Dhaka Stock Exchange Dhaka. Dear Sir, We hereby apply for the listing of our. (name of the Company) on your Stock Exchange. 2. Necessary information and documents as required in the annexure to this form are furnished. Yours faithfully, Signature & Address CC to The Securities & Exchange Commission Dhaka 48.ANNEXURE TO FORM The following particulars and authenticated documents shall be ann exed to the listing application, namely 1. Memorandum and Articles of Association and, in case of Participatory Redeemable Capital, a copy of the trust deed 2. Copies of prospectus issued by the company in respect of any security already listed on the Stock Exchange. 3. Copies of balance sheets and audited accounts for the last five completed years or for a shorter number of years if the Company has been in existance only for such shorter years/period 4. A brief history of the company since incorporation giving details of its activities including any re-organization changes in its capital structure and borrowings. 5.A statement showing (a) Dividends and cash bonus and/or bonus shares or right shares issued during a last 10 years or such shorter period as the company may have been is existence (b) Dividends or interest in arrears, if any. 6. Certified copies of agreements or other documents relating to arrangements with or between (a) Vendor and/or promoters. (b) Underwriters. (c) Brokers. 7. Certified copies of agreements with (a) Managing agents. (b) Selling agents. (c) Managing director and technical directors. 8. A statement containing particulars, dates of and parties to all material contracts, agreements (including agreements for technical advice and col tireation), concessions and similar other documents except those entered into in the normal course of the ompanys business or intended business together with a brief descriptions of the terms of such agreements or contracts. 9. Certified copies of the agreements with the BSB, BSRS, ICB and any other financial institutions. 10. Names and address of the directors and persons holding ten percent or more of any class of equity security as on the date of application together with the number of shares of debentures held by each. 11. Particulars of security for which listing is sought. 12. Additional/information/documents that may be called by the Exchange. FORM II (See regulation 6 (xix)) FORM FOR SUBMISSION OF UNDERTAKING AND honorarium OF FEES Dated To The Secretary Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited Dhaka.Dear Sir, Re LISTING ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE With reference to our listing application under Section 9 of the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969, we enclose herewith the following (1) An unconditional undertaking under the Common Seal of the company duly signed in accordance with the provisions contained in our Articles of Association. (2) A remittance of TK. . toward initial Listing Fee at the rate of one-forth of one percent of the Paid-up Capital, Debenture and share Premium of TK. subject to a minimum of Taka ten thousand. (3) A remittance of TK. . toward annual Listing Fee. (4) A remittance of TK. . toward the service charge. Yours faithfully SIGNATURE & talk ANNEXURE TO FORM II FORM OF UNCONDITIONAL UNDERTAKING ON NON-JUDICIAL STAMP PAPER (See Regulation 5) Dated. To The Secretary Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited Dhaka.Dear Sir, UNDERTAKING We undertake, unconditionally, to abide b y the listing Regulations of the Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited which presently are, or hereinafter may be in force. We further undertake (1) That our shares and securities shall be quoted on the Ready Quotation List and / or the Cleared List at the discretion of the Exchange. (2) That the Exchange shall not be bound by our request to remove the shares or securities from the ready Quotation List and / or the Cleared List. (3) That the Exchange shall have the right, at any time to suspend or remove the said shares or securities for any reason which the Exchange considers sufficient in public interest. (4) That such provisions in the Articles of Association of our Company or in any declaration or basis relating to any security as are or otherwise not deemed y the Exchange to be in conformity with the listing Regulations of the Exchange shall, upon being called upon by the Exchange, be amended to supersede the Articles of Association of our company or the declaration or basis relating to any security and (5) That our company and / or the security may be delisted by the Exchange in the event of non-compliance and breach of the Regulations and / or of this undertaking after giving an opportunity of being heard to us. Yours faithfully, NAME AND SIGNATURE OF AUTHORISED PERSON (S) WITH COMMON SEAL OF THE COMPANY Schedule (See regulation 44) EXPLANATION OF EXCHANGE DISCLOSURE POLICIES 1. Policy of immediate public Disclosure of Material Information (i) Ques. What standards should be employed to determine whether disclosure should be made?autonomic nervous system Immediate disclosure should be made of information about a companys affairs or about events or conditions in market for the companys securities which meets either of the following standards (a) (b) Where the information is likely to have a significant effect on the price of any of the companys securities, or Where such information (after any necessary interpretation by securities analyst or other experts) is lik ely to be considered important, by a reasonable investor in determining his choice of action. (ii) Ques. What kind of information about a companys affairs should be disclosed? Ans Any material information of a factual nature that has a bearing on the value of a companys securities or on investor decisions as to whether or not to invest or trade in such securities.Included is information, known to the company, concerning the companys property, business financial conditions and prospects, mergers and acquisitions and dealings with employees, suppliers, customers and others as well as information concerning a significant change in ownership of the companys securities owned by insiders or representing control of the company. The Exchange does not ordinarily consider disclosure of a companys internal estimates or projections of its earning or of other data relating to its affairs to be necessary. If such estimates or projections are released, they should be prepared carefully, on an rea sonable factual basis and should be stated realistically, with appropriate qualifications.Moreover, if such estimates or projections subsequently appear to have been mistaken, they should be promptly and publicly corrected. (iii) Ques. What kind of events and conditions in the market for a companys securities may require disclosure? Ans. The price of a companys securities, as well as a reasonable investors decision whether to buy or sell those securities, may be affected as much(prenominal) by factors directly concerning the market for the securities as by factors concerning the Companys business. Factors directly concerning the market for a Companys securities, or events materially poignant the size of the Public issue of its securities.While, as is noted above a company is expected to make appropriate disclosure about significant change in insider ownership of its securities, the company should not indiscriminately disclose publicly any knowledge it has of the trading activities of outsiders, such as trading by unit trusts or other institutions, for outsiders normally have a legitimate interest in preserving the confidentiality of their securities transactions. (iv) Ques. What are some specific examples of a companys affairs or market conditions typically requiring disclosure? Ans. The following events, while not comprising a complete list of all the situations which may require disclosure are particularly likely to require prompt announcement (a) a joint venture, mergers, acquisitions or take overs. b) the declaration or omission of dividends or the determination of earnings. (c) the acquisition or loss of a significant contract. (d) a significant new product or discovery. (e) a change in control or a significant change in management. (f) a call of securities for redemption. (g) the borrowing of a significant amount of funds. (h) the public private sale of significant amount of additional securities. (i) significant litigation (j) the purchase or sale of significant assets. (k) a significant change in capital investment plans. (l) a significant labor dispute with sub-contractors or suppliers. (m) a tender offer for another companys securities. (n) an event of default on nterest and/or principal payment in respect of loans (v) Ques. When may a company properly withhold information? Ans. Occasionally, circumstances arise in which provided that complete confidentiality is maintained a company may temporarily refrain from publicly disclosing material information. The following circumstances where disclosures can be withheld are limited and constitute an infrequent exception to the normal requirement of immediate public disclosure. Thus, in cases of doubt, the presumption must always be in favor of disclosure (a) When immediate disclosure would prejudice the ability of the company to pursue its corporate objectives.Although public disclosure is generally necessary to protect the interest of investors, circumstances may occasionally aris e where disclosure would prejudice a companys ability to achieve a valid corporate objective. Public disclosure of plan to acquire certain real state for example, could result in an increase in the company cost of the desired acquisition or could prevent the company from carrying out the plan at all. In such circumstances, if the unfavorable result to the company outweighs the undesirable consequences of non-disclosure, disclosure may properly be deferred to a more appropriate time. (b) When the facts are in a state of flux and a more appropriate moment for disclosure is imminent.Occasionally corporate developments give rise to information which, although material, is subject to rapid change. If the situation is about to beef up or resolve itself in the near future, it may be proper to withhold public announcements concerning the same subject but based on ever-changing facts may confuse or mislead the public rather than enlighten it. In the course of a successful negotiation for th e acquisition of another company, for example, the only information known to each party at the outset may be the willingness of the other to hold discussions. Shortly thereafter it may become patent to the parties that it is likely an agreement can be reached. Finally, agreement in principle may be reached on specific terms.In such circumstances a company need not issue a public announcement at each stage of constantly changing facts but may await agreement in principle on specific terms. If, on the other hand, progress in negotiation should stabilise at some other point, disclosure should then be made if the information is material. Whenever the material information is being temporarily withheld, the strictest confidentiality must be maintained, and the company should be prepared to make an immediate public announcement, if necessary. During this period, the market action of the companys securities should be closely watched, since unusual market activity frequently signifies that a Leak may have occurred.Company or securities laws may restrict the extent of permissible disclosures before or during a public offering of securities or a solicitation of proxies. (vi) Ques. What action is required if rumors occur while material information is being temporarily withheld? Ans If rumours concerning such information should develop, immediate public disclosure becomes necessary. (vii) Ques. What action is required if insider trading occurs while material information is being temporarily withheld? Ans. Immediate public disclosure of the information is question must be effective if the company should learn that insider trading has taken or is taking place.In unusual cases, where the trading is insignificant and does not have any influence on the market measures sufficient to halt the insider trading and prevent its recurrence are taken exceptions might be made which should be discussed with the Exchange. The Exchange listing department can provide current information re garding market activity in the Companys is securities with which to help assess the significance of such trading. (viii) Ques. How can confidentiality best be maintained? Ans. In formation, that is to be kept confidential should be confined, to the extent possible to the highest possible echelons of management and should be disclosed to officers, employees and other on a need to know basis only. Distribution of paper work and other data should be held to a minimum.Where information must be disclosed more broadly to company violence or others, their attention should be drawn to its confidential nature and to the restrictions that apply to its use, including the prohibitions of insider trading. It may be appropriate to require each person who gains access to the information to report any transaction which affects in the companys securities to the company. If companys accountants or financial or public relations advisers or other outsiders are consulted, steps should be taken to ensur e that they maintain similar precautions within their respective organizations to maintain confidentiality. (2) policy of through public Dissemination (i) Ques.What special disclosure techniques should a company employ? Ans. The steps requires are as foll

Morality & Social Justice-Rubric for Essay Essay

Seven influential moral thinkers hammered sound war tradition which has been distilled into seven precepts where five of the principles judge whether a decision to go to war is actu wholey butifiable while the other two are a guide to undecomposed conduct in waging a war. The principles of a just war include legitimate confidence, just cause, just intent, last resort, reasonable chance of success, principle of discrimination and the principle of proportionality.The Spanish and Lusitanian were non justified to go to war with the Guarani scarcely the Guarani were justified to war with the Portuguese and the Spanish. Subjecting the Portuguese and the Spanish to the seven principles of a just war they were non justified to go to war. The first principle which requires that to begin with a war is started, it must be declared by a legally recognized authority which in most cases is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces while in United states it the Congress was not met by th e Spanish and Portuguese soldiers.The soldier according to Alves were sent to relocate the Guarani but when they resisted they resorted to military action where many natives were killed and other were taken as slaves without the order of the legal authorities of the two nations (4). Before going to war with the Guarani the just war principles demand that Spanish and Portuguese leaders and soldiers were to seek an order from the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of their respective countries before waging a war with the natives which they did not do.The second principle of a just war that requires that a war should not be started on the basis of expanding a territory or national pride but only for a just cause like resistance to aggression by means of threat of attack or attack was not met all by the Portuguese and the Spanish in fighting the Guarani people. They instead invaded the people with an aim to relocate them to take them as slaves but when the Guarani resisted they st arted war with them thereby breaching the just cause (Alves 4).Another principle require that before starting a war the aims of the war should be just and limited which should be restoring justice and ease and not vengeance. The Spanish and the Portuguese breached this principle as well since their intention was not to restore peace or justice among the Guarani people. They waged the war out of their accept selfish gain because the natives were living peacefully before. Their interest was the bestow of the Guarani and to enslave them as well. It was not the last resort for the Portuguese and the Spanish to start war with the Guarani people.The principles requires that all other means should be used to resolve dispute between contending parties and that the means must have been tried and found to fail before going to war. In the situation of the Portuguese, Spanish and the Guarani people there was no dispute in the first place. It is the Spanish and Portuguese that were determined to take the land that belonged to the natives and to take them as slaves and even subsequently the natives resisted their effort they never used any other means to resolve the dispute but war.There should be reasonable chance of success before starting a war which the Portuguese and the Spanish did not take to consideration. The principle requires that the situation should be accessed to specify if there is a possibility of success before initiating or continuing a war. They never considered this fact and that is the reason why the war continued for some(prenominal) decades and they were eventually defeated (Elves 6).Another principle of a just war tradition that the Portuguese and Spanish violated is the principle of civilian immunity or honor of noncombatant where the noncombatants are not targeted to avoid civilian deaths. It also requires that prisoners captured should be treated humanely and that military forces desist from rapes, massacres, looting and other atrocities. Th is was not the case in the wars of the Guarani where all sorts of atrocities were committed against the people since children, women and men alike were taken captives and were not treated humanely.The principle of proportionality which requires that the harm to be caused by a war must not exceed the good the war can accomplish. Before the Europeans invaded the natives they were living peacefully in their land but after they attacked them they were left with sorrows since some died, others were enslaved, property destroyed and families disunited forever. It therefore goes without saying that the Spanish and the Portuguese caused several harm and zero good to the Guarani which is against this principle of just war.The Portuguese and the Spanish were not justified to initiate and continue the war with the Guarani after being subjected to the seven principles of a just war tradition. In all the instances they went contrary to the principles. They were not interested in the plight of the people or the outcome of the war but their own selfish gains. Works Cited Alves, Wesley. The Mission. 2007. 3 may 2010 http//people. bu. edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/thth/projects/thth_projects_2007wesley_alves. pdf

No Faith, No Love, No Time, and Dr. Lazaro Essay

The short story Faith, wonder, meter, and Dr. Lazaro of Brillantes is caught in a juxtaposition and irony by the abstract elements of the title. This paper hopes to make these abstract elements cover to further understand the story better. Furthermore, this paper pass on present a compari give-and-take and contrast of mainly two characters, Dr. Lazaro and Ben, as counterpoints. Faith often leads to the ghostly belief of the existence of a Higher or Supreme Being, in this case God (for the Catholics), which is contextualized in the story. On an new(prenominal) level, faith is also believe in oneself, and this belief initiates the believer to proclaim, and spread such faith to former(a)s who are non-believers. This is sh declare during the younger years of Dr. Lazaro, who firmly believed in God, but because of certain critical events in his life, lead to a loss of his faith. Looking at it on a nonher level and from a professional perspective as a physician, Dr. Lazaro is emotional ly and objectively detached, as is required by his medical profession.On the other hand, Dr Lazaros inherent power to either save and heal or allow the ravages of disease to snuff life are perhaps reasons why he had been hard and emotionally detached. Firstly, after seeing a cancer patient suffering so more that even morphine, a kind of pain reliever, couldnt even ease the pain of the patient, he was just back in his element, back in his coldness, numbness, and apathy. Lastly, his seeming air of detachment from reality while curing the tetanus of the child, juxtaposes with the impending reality of death and misery in the childs family. notwithstanding what could have done this to him? Perhaps, as a revive, exposed to seeing patients undergo traumatic pain and deep suffering, could have anesthetized Dr Lazaros emotions. But this detachment, even farness is striking. His fear of having to deal with more pain prevented him to be at his best, especially after having experienced it h imself. His son committed suicide by slashing his own wrist, and he could not do eachthing to save him. He felt that his efforts of saving life was useless. If he was not able to even rescue his own sons life, what more others?These maybe are the underlying doubt and question that is in Dr. Lazaros mind that diminished his self-esteem, that made him emotionally detached. Because as a doctor, there are no room for doubts and fears butrather unaccompanied the belief in oneself and in ones capability to process other people. Dr. Lazaros counterpoint, Ben, is different. Even at a young age, he was sure of what he wanted to be, and believes that he can follow a religious vocation. Although he may have a good career and become successful in being a doctor, surgeon or even an engineer, but is this rightfully what he wanted to become? Bens faith in God, as well as his faith in himself, galvanized his stand to serve others by meet a priest. Many clues and textual evidences to Bens rely d career are shown. First, was his reading of a biography of a domain who became a monk. Second, was when he baptized the child. Lastly, was when he was called Father Lazaro by his own preceptor, Dr. Lazaro after he performed the rite of baptism on the sick child.. The three showed concrete evidences of his wanting to become a priest. Love is passion and desire in disguise. It is when you do something, and you do it with your heart, mind and soul because of your desire, passion and fill in. This characteristic is shown by Ben in his passion of serving others by his desire to enter the priestly vocation.This desire to become a priest to serve others as minister of God rather than become a lucrative doctor or an eminent engineer became apparent when he subsumed others over and above and over self interest. The setting of the story has also intensified the color of love for Ben. It was set in April, midsummer, the hottest days of the summer season. Like April heat, it made love mor e raging and fiery. Ben didnt have to be in Tarlac and stay with his father, he and his mother could have gone up to Baguio for a cool summer. But no, he stayed. He, like the April heat, is raging in love and desire to be of help to other people. The act of considering others before oneself is definitely a selfless act defined by love made concrete through his desire of fit of a priest. This is shown when he baptized the dying child, he baptized the child as a symbol of his love, his love of wanting to see him in the dry land of God.Although Dr. Lazaro at first had the desire to also serve others, the death of his most loved son, killed off any love left for the doctor to serve, albeit mechanically, acting appear a physicians obligation, devoid of compassion and depth of feeling. His son who died was a reflection of himself. It was a treasure of his that he loved so much but which vanished so quickly. With the pains and sufferings, he grew more in hatred and not in love. Neverth eless, his blaming Adam for eating the apple was an unwittingsign of lock away believing in the word of God. Nonetheless, to make matter worse, he hated God for taking away his treasure, the son, from him which is why he lost faith in God. Its as if he had lost the willpower to live again. Time is an abstract element. Time is made manifest in the story not only by the sequence of events portrayed progressively by the plot, but by the seeming imperviousness of Dr. Lazaro to temporal matters that are expected of him that of sharing moments as father to his family which he does not preferring instead to spend time ensconced in his study after work listening to unstained music. Time is also the gap not only in the chronological difference between father and son, but more so by the glaring chasm that has separated both from each other figuratively and emotionally.The detached air by which Dr. Lazaro tries to interact with Ben, and the trepidation faced by Ben to inform his father of his plans to enter the priesthood is indicative of a temporal and filial gap. Thus, no precious moments are shared by father and son except for the talk, which had to happen in the course of the long drive for sick call. Time can also be seen in the recollection of Dr. Lazaro. As he travels back in time and space, it proves only one thing that the past is not yet dead to him. He lives more on the past, than on the present. Regretting and wanting to have been able to show love, faith, he wished that he and his dead son essential have spent more time together. He finds himself lost in time, and cant express love and faith to anybody else. The name Lazaro has likened itself to that of the parable of Lazarus. there was a rich man who can have any human valuables in his life, but never dared to share it with anyone else. Lazarus was a beggar with sores lying at the gate who waited for leftovers and food scraps to fall from the rich mans table to eat.. When rich man and Lazarus died, th e former was tormented in hell and the last mentioned went to Abrahams side.The rich man asked Abraham to dip the finger of Lazarus in water to cool his tongue. But the chasm and gap had separated heaven and hell, hence, no one from any side could cross over the other side. He then requested to send Lazarus to his fathers house for he had five more brothers and inform them of this place of torment. Abraham replied that they must listen to Moses and the Prophets. But the rich man insisted to send someone from the dead to go his family and they will repent. Abraham replied that if they will not listen to Moses and the Prophets, they will not be convinced evenwhen someone rises from the dead. Dr. Lazaro was an allusion, pretty much like the rich man in the parable. Firstly, he had no faith in the existence of the Superior being, just like the rich man in the parable who never practiced his faith of sharing his riches with others.The rich man showed his love by way of his request to s end back from the dead Lazarus to warn his equally delinquent brothers to mend their ways. Such action is definitely precipitated by concern and love to spare them from the same hellish fate. Dr. Lazaro, much like the rich man, only showed a semblance of love when there was already a big gap. Lastly, both the rich man and Dr Lazaro idled their time the former surrounded by luxury and comfort oblivious of what goes around him, and the latter who prefers listening to classical music Needless to say, the storys title should really means No Faith, No Love, No time for Dr. Lazaro.

Organisation and Behaviour

Organisations and Behaviour 1. 1 Comp atomic number 18 and contrast several(predicate) boldnessal structures and culture Let us analyse ii antithetical winsome of organisations a restaurant and a fast(a) food. Thanks to my extend experiences in London I am able to compare some(prenominal) of them. In the restaurant at that place was e re eitherything except that a good relationship among the employees and between these and the managers. Everybody was hired through a short interview, without having an induction or a proper training or a briefly introduction of the organisation.It was like everybody was left at their own destiny, so if you had a good skills, determination and you concord with the treatment that you would pretend received, you could have gone on and grow in your own, an some other(prenominal)wise nobody would have helped you and said how to do things or were to find other things, for example. All these factors did non help to create a real friendship among the employees, and of line of thinking, had a huge impact on the motivations of the tribe, so that was almost impossible to analyze a naturalise as a group. rather, in the fast food everything was different. Before to construct the job, you have to pass several interviews and attend an induction. Since the beginning you testament been told about the company, how it works and the progress that you could do. The first day you galvanize your job on the field, you entrust have a briefly walk-throw with the manager, outside and inside the denounce in say to see and to know where emergency exit and other useful things are situated. Then you will meet all the team, and the trainer, which will postdate and help you in every pass.This spirit that you tin find will help you feeling part of a team in a very short time and in like manner will motivate you to do your vanquish to succeed with the company. At the end, it is clear how the choice of the restaurant to behave in that sort with their employees had had a negative affect into the team, bringing dissatisfaction and laziness, so much so that some employees had left the place. Whereas, in the fast food, the work of the manager and of the employees as well, had helped a muddle to create a good atmosphere and a good relationship between each other,so that everybody could be motived and focus on the business. . 2 condone how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture provoke impact on the performance of the business A different organisation structure and culture whitethorn have relevant influence on the performance of the business. Comparing the 2 work experience that I had, it is clear how the organisation has had an impact on the course of study of the business. In the fast food the manager managed to create a real and proper team which met the spirit of structure a correct division of work between employees and the formal organisational relationship that are created between th em.There were the principles of an organisation culture, there was respect between each other, respect for different culture and everybody was behaving in a proper way and always ready to help the others. All these aspects create a perfect harmony inside the team, so that everybody was focus on achieving all the goals and inevitably, it had a strong and good effect on the business performance. In the restaurant instead, nobody k advanced what work as a team means.The managers did not parcel out about creating a successful team and excessively among the employees there was not the desire to reach it, so that who needed much(prenominal) than help could not germinate their skills and could not feel part of the company. Al unneurotic these aspects brought all the motivations of everyone down, so that no one cared about the growth of the company or achieving personal goal, bringing for trustworthy negative influence on the business. 1 1. 3 Discuss the factors which influence soul demeanour at work There are a lot of causes which condition the behaviour of a singular person in a workplace.Factors such as personality, attitude, culture, demographic factors, may influences a lot the people. Let us now examine these factors. Personality- give notice be seen as one of the most complex aspect of humans beings that influences heavily their behaviour. It is known that character determine the way in which a person behave and response to situations and people. Personality can to a fault be influenced by heredity, family and society. Attitude- can establish the tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain objects, situations or persons.Factors such as family, culture, society and colleagues influence the attitude. The managers in an organisation should know about the possibility aspects of different kind of jobs, in order to help employees to create a positive attitude among them, so that they will be able to work as a team. Culture- differences among cult ures are what signalise one society from another. The capacities, the experiences, the experiences and the talent of employees are related to the type of culture for which everyone comes from.It is clear that the culture influence the abilities of singular, so that someone who comes from a specific kind of custom can have an easier or more positive impact and also being more suitable for determinate kind of jobs, than someone else who has a different type of culture. Demographic factors- such as background, education, nationality, race, also have an impact on the individual. For example a manager of an organisational will be more talented and confident in hiring persons that belong to good socio-economic background, well educated and with a young age, as they are believed to be performing better than the others.Also people who are dynamic and with good communication skills have always more chances than the others to be hired. 2. 1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadershi p meanss in different organisations There are a lot of different leadership types, among them we can find the three major styles Autocratic, Democratic and Delegative. Autocratic- in this style the leader has meat authority and command over decision making. The leaders tell their employees what must be done and how they want it completed, without getting any advice.It is a kind of style typically used when the manager needfully to have under control the situation to avoid possible mistakes. It is clear the goal of this leadership use your knowledge to get the job done, making sure that important things are done correctly and in a short time. 2 Democratic- all the team together can decide what to do and how to do it, even if the manager maintains the final decision. It is commonly used when the leader has part of information, employees have other part, so that they are able to work as a team and know how to manage things.All these factors help a lot to generate a good relationshi p among the employees and also to create a good atmosphere in which everybody has trust and respect of each other. I can identify all these aspects in my experience at the fast food EAT. , where everybody from the manager to my last colleague has treated me as if I were there since years, helping and giving me advices since the first day. Furthermore, this experience gave me the possibility to gain my abilities and to know how to work as a team characteristics that I will bring always with me and that will be useful in the future.Delegative- in this styles the employees can make the decision. Even if the manager is still responsible for the decision that are made. It is especially used when the employees can manage the things and are able to understand what needs to be done and how to do it. Can also be used when leader has fully trust and familiarity in the team. 2. 2 Explain how organisational theory underpins the coiffe of concern Taking as example the fast food, it is possibl e to see how the organisation helps the practice of management by motivating individuals and by getting the best from each one.Starting from the induction, where they showed a graphic with all the progress that you could have made until arrive to became a manager within a year, continuing into the shop, it is understandable how they prompt people. As said in the answer above, the manager was utilise a democratic style, always ready to hear the employees, to allow them to do things in a different way and to help them if it was necessary. Compare with the other types it is possible to say that the manager was even a bit autocratic, sometimes, by giving the input on how that kind of thing had to be done and how much time needed to be done.Also during the busiest time it was necessary being autocratic to not made some(prenominal) mistakes. Instead, comparing with the delegative style, there was not the possibility for some employees to make the decisions, because they were new, witho ut lot of experiences, so that the manager could not have trusted them. 2. 3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisation There are different approaches that can be taken by different organisations. As I have been saying, in the fast food there was an approach which was focus on motivating people and making them feeling part of the company.Obviously these approaches have contributed to get the best from each employee and also have helped them to work hard, with more passion in order to achieve the goals of the organisation and eventually own objectives. All these methods also have contributed to affect people in a positive way, giving them the instruments to grow up and to get around personal skills. Analysing the restaurant instead, it was easily to see in which way they were treating people. It was adopted an autocratic style, where the leaders were giving orders without giving any advices and expecting things to be done in a shorter time than ex pected.These aspects have contributed not less(prenominal) to affect people in a negative way, deprive of them the enthusiasm to work and the voluntary to achieve something together with the company. This kind of style also have had an huge impact on the motivations of the employees and did not help at all to create a real team. 3 Discuss the impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in period of change It is possible to have different impacts among the organisations in period of change, especially regarding new motivation and different methods on how to explain things.For example in the autocratic style, the leaders may change some rules or may take other smears regarding specific things. It can facilitate or complicate the life of the employees, but the leaders will always have the total control about decision making and the authority to make some transformations or improvements which can change one more time the assets into the employees tea m. In one hand the changes can of course bring new motivations and new aspirations, but in the other one they can bring dissatisfaction so that the motivations will go down.The democratic type instead, is the more suitable for changes, because the team will decide about that all together with the agreement of the manager, so that everybody can give their own opinion in order to make the bests changes for the company and for the team itself. Thanks to that, all the group can have more motivations or can recover them on the eventuality they had alienated them so that the team can gain more confidence in itself and can aspire to reach new goals. Also the delegative one, can be considered as good as the democratic one in motivations changes.Because the decision of make a change will be taken and will be pertinacious by the team altogether, they will be able to modify the aspect of things where necessary so that they can change the way on how to do or explain them among each other, so that they will have new motivation and new incentives in make the job done. Compare the application of different motivational theories within a workplace There can be different motivational theories within a workplace, such as training people and multitasking. homework people it works everything around the way the trainers teach you.For example, if they start since the beginning to teach in a determinate way, by showing how to do things in one of the easiest way, smiling and enjoying it at the same time, you will have a positive impression. This positive impression, will give you a different motivation on how to approach things and also will make you feel stronger and having more energies to do that specific thing. Training is the first step that each individual face one time they get in a new place. This is why it has an important value and it is fundamental for people tendency.If the trainers will fail the training, the employees will be less propel and will have a bad tendency at work whereas if they will training positively, the employees, for sure will have more motivations and they will start the path into the new company with a positive tendency and with more vitality. Multitasking it is also considered a way to motivate people. An employee which is considered multitasking, has the trust of the manager and also the necessity confidence to act with him/her.Once the leaders will give the employees more things to do at the same time, they will feel unfeignedly part of the group and they will spend all their own energies to try to make things done properly in a easiest and shortest way, in order to reach their goals. They will be really motivated because they know that if they do not do the right thing, they may lose the trust of the manager or they may disappoint them. 4 3. 3 Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers The motivation theory are really important for the manager because it can help to set up a team.It is very useful for a leader to start with the right step in every circumstance during the process of integration of each individual into the company. It can be thought that the work of a manager is an easy job because gives only instructions and will check once the things are done. Instead it is more important than a job as a trainer or as a simple employee, because they must have the capability to manakin a team and with it to reach the objectives which are given from person in a higher(prenominal) position than them.If the leader will fail in it, there is the possibility that can be fired, or even worse, that the company can fail without reach the expect goals. Thanks to that the motivations assume a relevant position into a workplace, so that the managers will do all that is into their capability to help the employees and to make their life easier, by giving examples, playing games and teach them by using their experiences. It is with the help of the manager and with the volition of a singular emp loyee that the right motivations can come up so that the job can be finished and the employees can develop and reach the targets of the organisation all ogether as a team. Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations The groups are planned by advise and created by management as part of the formal organisation structure. There are three different kind of groups formal groups, virtuoso team and sluttish groups. Formal groups- are formed as a consequence of the ideal of organisation and arrangement for the division of the work. They are created to achieve particular goals and are concerned with the co-ordination of work activities. Individual are brought together on the basis of established roles within the structure of the organisation.Their goals are pointed out by management, and relationships, rules and norms of behaviour established. Formal work groups can be differentiated in a number of ways the task to be performed, the basis of membership, the natur e of technology and position within the organisation structure. Also, they tend to be relatively permanent. Virtuoso team- are formed only for big change in organisations. They are composed of individual virtuosos or superstars with a single clear, ambitious mandate and are not supposed to remain together for different projects. They are rarely created by the organisations.Informal groups- are concentrated more on personal relationship and agreement of group members than on defined role relationship. They serve especially to work and satisfy psychological and social needs, not necessarily related to the tasks to get done. An cozy group can be the same or take only a part of the formal group. The informal leader may be chosen as the the individual who is more adapted, who helps to resolve conflict, reflects the attitudes and values of the member, leads the group in satisfying its objects or cooperate with the management or other people outside the group.In rarely case, it is possible for the informal leader to be the same person as the formal leader. Main reason for informal groups 5 -The perpetuation of the culture -The communication system -The implementation of social control and -The provision of interest and fun in work life. 4. 2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations There are several factors which can affect the development of a teamwork in organisations. Factors such as the behaviour, the communications, the group size and the compatibility of members are the most important.Behaviour-it is extremely important for the approach in every organisations. An individual with the right behaviour will integrate itself easily inside the group, will learn and will develop skills as well as grow together with the team. Whereas an individual with an inaccurate behaviour will affect negatively the team, bringing inevitably discontent inside the group and eventually frictions which will influence all the wo rk into the team. Communications-are also important and contribute to the success of the group.Communications can be affected by the nature of the task, by the work environment and by technology. For example, difficulties in communication can arise with production system where workers have to stay in a determinate place with limited freedom of movement. Even when there are the opportunities to interact with colleagues, physical condition may limit the communications. Size of the group-there can be problems with communications and co-ordination as the members increase in size. A large group is more difficult to handle and require an high level of supervision.Then when a group becomes too large it may split into smaller units and friction may develop between the sub-groups so that the cohesiveness inevitably becomes more difficult to achieve. Comparing with a small group(less than 5 members) for example, the bigger one will have an higher amount of creativity and variety that can be p roduced. Compatibility of members-the more the group will share knowledges, backgrounds, interests, attitudes and experiences, the easier it is to achieve cohesiveness. Different personalities or skills of members, may serve to musical accompaniment each other and help for a cohesive group.However, such differences may be the cause of conflicts and frictions. Conflict can also arise in a homogeneous group where individuals are in competition with each other(ex. Incentive payment schemes). 6 4. 3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given organisation Nowadays the technology is present in every organisations and gives a huge help in making things done faster and in an easier way. It has also an important effect on cohesiveness and relate closely to the nature of the task, physical setting and communications.Evaluating the technologies in the fast food,it is possible to say that they helped a lot, especially during the busiest time. They contributed to make things easier, helping the cohesiveness and the interaction, even when there were problems of understanding between the group. In one hand, have a skill-based technology can increase the percentage of group cohesiveness, in the other one with machine-placed assembly line work it is more difficult to develop wholeness. Bibliography stemma study guide www. studymode. com 7